Oracle Database 12c 第 2 版 (12.2) 引入了使用 CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 命令重新定位可插拔数据库 (PDB) 的功能。在 Oracle 19c 中，现在可以使用数据库配置助手 (DBCA) 执行可插拔数据库 (PDB) 的重定位。
一、先决条件
连接到远程 CDB 并准备重定位：
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| export ORAENV_ASK=NO
export ORACLE_SID=cdb3
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES
sqlplus / as sysdba
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在远程数据库中创建一个用户以与数据库链接一起使用。在这种情况下，我们将在远程 PDB 中使用一个普通用户。
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| CREATE USER c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE TO c##remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
GRANT SYSOPER TO c##remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
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与常规重定位不同，我们不需要创建数据库链接。我们只需要提供用于创建链接的凭据。DBCA 完成剩下的工作。
检查远程 CDB 是否处于本地 undo 模式和归档模式。
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| CONN / AS SYSDBA
COLUMN property_name FORMAT A30
COLUMN property_value FORMAT A30
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name = 'LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE
SQL>
SELECT log_mode
FROM v$database;
LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG
SQL>
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因为远程 CDB 是本地 undo 模式和归档模式，所以我们不需要把远程数据库变成只读模式。
连接到本地 CDB 并为迁移做准备：
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| export ORAENV_ASK=NO
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES
sqlplus / as sysdba
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检查本地 CDB 是否处于本地 undo 模式和归档模式：
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| CONN / AS SYSDBA
COLUMN property_name FORMAT A30
COLUMN property_value FORMAT A30
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name = 'LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE
SQL>
SELECT log_mode
FROM v$database;
LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG
SQL>
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二、使用 DBCA 重新定位 PDB
在 19c 中 -relocatePDB 引入了 DBCA 命令，允许我们将 PDB 重新定位到不同的容器数据库 (CDB)。
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| -relocatePDB - Command to Relocate a pluggable database.
-remotePDBName <Name of the pluggable database to clone/relocate>
-pdbName <Pluggable database name>
-dbLinkUsername <Common user of a remote CDB, used by database link to connect to remote CDB.>
-remoteDBConnString <EZCONNECT string to connect to Source database for example "host:port/servicename">
-sourceDB <Database unique name for RAC database or SID for Single Instance database>
[-remoteDBSYSDBAUserName <User name with SYSDBA privileges of remote database>]
[-dbLinkUserPassword <Common user password of a remote CDB, used by database link to connect to remote CDB.>]
[-useWalletForDBCredentials <true | false> Specify true to load database credentials from wallet]
-dbCredentialsWalletLocation <Path of the directory containing the wallet files>
[-dbCredentialsWalletPassword <Password to open wallet with auto login disabled>]
[-remoteDBSYSDBAUserPassword <Password for remoteDBSYSDBAUserName user of remote database.>]
[-sysDBAUserName <User name with SYSDBA privileges>]
[-sysDBAPassword <Password for sysDBAUserName user name>]
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您可以在 此处 查看该 -relocatePDB 命令的完整语法，尽管在编写文档时与该命令提供的实用程序用法不匹配。
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| dbca -relocatePDB -help
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确保环境设置为指向本地实例 “cdb1”，并从 “cdb3” 实例中名为 “pdb5” 的远程 PDB 中重新定位名为 “pdb5” 的 PDB。
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| export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES
dbca -silent \
-relocatePDB \
-pdbName pdb5 \
-sourceDB cdb1 \
-remotePDBName pdb5 \
-remoteDBConnString localhost:1521/cdb3 \
-remoteDBSYSDBAUserName sys \
-remoteDBSYSDBAUserPassword SysPassword1 \
-dbLinkUsername c##remote_clone_user \
-dbLinkUserPassword remote_clone_user
Prepare for db operation
50% complete
Create pluggable database using relocate PDB operation
100% complete
Pluggable database "pdb5" plugged successfully.
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cdb1/pdb5/cdb10.log" for further details.
$
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连接到本地根容器并检查新 PDB 的状态：
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| COLUMN name FORMAT A30
SELECT con_id, name, open_mode
FROM v$pdbs
ORDER BY 1;
CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 PDB1 READ WRITE
4 PDB5 READ WRITE
SQL>
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要将其重新定位，我们需要在本地数据库中创建链接用户：
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| CREATE USER c##remote_clone_user IDENTIFIED BY remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE TO c##remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
GRANT SYSOPER TO c##remote_clone_user CONTAINER=ALL;
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确保将环境设置为指向远程实例 “cdb3”，并从 “cdb1” 实例中名为 “pdb5” 的本地 PDB 中重新定位名为 “pdb5” 的 PDB。
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| export ORACLE_SID=cdb3
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES
dbca -silent \
-relocatePDB \
-pdbName pdb5 \
-sourceDB cdb3 \
-remotePDBName pdb5 \
-remoteDBConnString localhost:1521/cdb1 \
-remoteDBSYSDBAUserName sys \
-remoteDBSYSDBAUserPassword SysPassword1 \
-dbLinkUsername c##remote_clone_user \
-dbLinkUserPassword remote_clone_user
Prepare for db operation
50% complete
Create pluggable database using relocate PDB operation
100% complete
Pluggable database "pdb5" plugged successfully.
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cdb1/pdb5/cdb10.log" for further details.
$
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连接到远程根容器并检查新 PDB 的状态：
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| COLUMN name FORMAT A30
SELECT con_id, name, open_mode
FROM v$pdbs
ORDER BY 1;
CON_ID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 PDB5 READ WRITE
SQL>
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三、附录
这些示例中使用的实例和可插入数据库是使用以下命令创建的：
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| # Local container (cdb1).
dbca -silent -createDatabase \
-templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
-gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile NO_VALUE \
-characterSet AL32UTF8 \
-sysPassword SysPassword1 \
-systemPassword SysPassword1 \
-createAsContainerDatabase true \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName pdb1 \
-pdbAdminPassword PdbPassword1 \
-databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
-memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
-totalMemory 2048 \
-storageType FS \
-datafileDestination "/u02/oradata/" \
-redoLogFileSize 50 \
-emConfiguration NONE \
-ignorePreReqs
# Remote container (cdb3) with PDB (pdb5).
dbca -silent -createDatabase \
-templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
-gdbname cdb3 -sid cdb3 -responseFile NO_VALUE \
-characterSet AL32UTF8 \
-sysPassword SysPassword1 \
-systemPassword SysPassword1 \
-createAsContainerDatabase true \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName pdb5 \
-pdbAdminPassword PdbPassword1 \
-databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
-memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
-totalMemory 2048 \
-storageType FS \
-datafileDestination "/u02/oradata/" \
-redoLogFileSize 50 \
-emConfiguration NONE \
-ignorePreReqs
# Delete the instances.
#dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB cdb1 -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword SysPassword1
#dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB cdb3 -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword SysPassword1
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数据库启用了 Oracle Managed Files (OMF) 并切换到归档日志模式：
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| export ORAENV_ASK=NO
export ORACLE_SID=cdb3
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest = '/u02/oradata';
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb5 OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb5 SAVE STATE;
EXIT;
EOF
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest = '/u02/oradata';
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 SAVE STATE;
EXIT;
EOF
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