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前言

今天初八，开工大吉！祝大家新年快乐，发大财！

问题描述

一大早就有个客户找，说有个 Oracle 数据库，修改了 sys 密码，怎么都无法登录，一直报错：

## 修改 sys 密码成功
SQL> alter user sys identified by oracle;

User altered.

## 登录报错
[oracle@lucifer admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@lucifer as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 5 10:19:22 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

使用客户端工具连接报错：

这个问题看起来十分诡异，怎么会修改不了 sys 密码呢？

问题分析与解决

检查一下监听，监听状态是正常的：

[oracle@lucifer admin]$ lsnrctl stat

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 05-FEB-2025 09:54:25

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                05-FEB-2025 09:54:07
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 17 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/lucifer/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=lucifer)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "lucifer" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "lucifer", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "luciferXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "lucifer", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

检查一下 sqlnet 配置，没问题：

[oracle@lucifer admin]$ cat sqlnet.ora 
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

ADR_BASE = /u01/app/oracle

尝试了一下 tnsping，报错了：

[oracle@lucifer admin]$ tnsping lucifer

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 05-FEB-2025 09:55:37

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name

怀疑有可能是 TNS 配置有问题，所以看了下配置：

LUCIFER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lucifer)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = lucifer)
    )
  )

没道理啊，再一看，滑天下之大稽，原来是 TNS 文件名写错了 tnsname.ora：

1 2	[oracle@lucifer admin]$ ls listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsname.ora

这里应该是 tnsnames.ora，少了个 s：

1	[oracle@lucifer admin]$ mv tnsname.ora tnsnames.ora

心想，这下总该好了吧：

[oracle@lucifer admin]$ tnsping lucifer

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 05-FEB-2025 10:12:46

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/sqlnet.ora


Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lucifer)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = lucifer)))
OK (0 msec)

确实 tnsping 没问题了，再次尝试下连接 sys 用户：

[oracle@lucifer admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@lucifer as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 5 10:12:59 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

好家伙，还是报错，这么夸张吗？手动再次修改 sys 密码：

SQL> alter user sys identified by oracle;

User altered.

SQL> alter user system identified by oracle;

User altered.

再次尝试连接：

[oracle@lucifer admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@lucifer as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 5 10:13:25 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

擦，依然报错，试一下 system 用户连接：

[oracle@lucifer admin]$ sqlplus system/oracle@lucifer

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 5 10:18:53 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 
SQL>

啊，那看来就是 sys 用户本身有问题了，再看一下 sys 用户的状态：

SQL> set lines222 pages1000 
col username for a25 
col account_status for a20 
col default_tablespace for a20 
col temporary_tablespace for a20 
col profile for a20
SELECT username,
       account_status,
       default_tablespace,
       temporary_tablespace,
       created,
       profile
  FROM dba_users
 WHERE account_status = 'OPEN'
 ORDER BY created;

USERNAME                  ACCOUNT_STATUS       DEFAULT_TABLESPACE   TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE CREATED            PROFILE
------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------ --------------------
SYSTEM                    OPEN                 SYSTEM               TEMP                 24-AUG-13          DEFAULT
SYS                       OPEN                 SYSTEM               TEMP                 24-AUG-13          DEFAULT

这也没问题啊，那怎么回事呢？看一下是不是密码文件有问题啊？不看不知道，一看吓一跳：

[oracle@lucifer dbs]$ ll
total 16
-rw-rw----  1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jun 29  2023 hc_lucifer.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall   24 Oct 15  2021 lkLUCIFER
-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 3584 Jun 29  2023 spfilelucifer.ora

好家伙，没有密码文件，好吧，怪不得怎么改都没用，手动新建一个密码文件：

1	[oracle@lucifer dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwlucifer password=oracle

再次尝试连接 sys 用户：

[oracle@lucifer dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@lucifer as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 5 10:23:17 2025

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 
SQL>

bingo，可以连了，真坑啊！！！结束。

写在最后

这个问题解决过程虽然比较简单，但是涉及基础知识点也不少，记录分享，以作参考。